Structures in C++

Structures
A data structure is a group of data elements grouped together under one name. These data elements, known as members, can have different types and different lengths.

For example: You want to store some information about a person: his/her name, citizenship number and salary. You can easily create different variables name, citNo, salary to store these information separately.

However, in the future, you would want to store information about multiple persons. Now, you'd need to create different variables for each information per person: name1, citNo1, salary1, name2, citNo2, salary2

You can easily visualize how big and messy the code would look. Also, since no relation between the variables (information) would exist, it's going to be a daunting task.

A better approach will be to have a collection of all related information under a single name Person, and use it for every person. Now, the code looks much cleaner, readable and efficient as well.

This collection of all related information under a single name Person is a structure

How to declare a structure in C++ 

The struct keyword defines a structure type followed by an identifier (name of the structure).

Then inside the curly braces, you can declare one or more members (declare variables inside curly braces) of that structure. 

struct Student
{
    char Name,fathername,class;

    int rollno;

};

.

How to access members of a structure?

The members of structure variable is accessed using a dot (.) operator.

student1.Name;

Example: C++ Structure

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
// declaring the strct 
struct Student{
 
 int id;
 char name[10];
 char fname[10];
 char course[10];
 
};
int mian()
{
 //create the struct type object 
 Student s1;
 //get student info
 cout<<"Enter Your Name "<<endl;
 cin>>s1.name;
 cout<<"Enter Your Id "<<endl;
 cin>>s1.id;
 cout<<"Enter Your Father Name "<<endl;
 cin>>s1.fname;
 cout<<"Enter Your Course Title"<<endl;
 cin>>s1.course;
 
 //display student info
 cout<<"Your Name is"<<s1.name;
 cout<<"Your Id is"<<s1.id;
 cout<<"Your Father Name is"<<s1.fname;
 cout<<"Your Course Title is"<<s1.course;
 
 return 0;
  
 
 
}